To clarify the distribution characteristics of the stress field and fracture patterns of high-pressure gas rock fracturing, and to reveal its differences from traditional emulsion explosive blasting, a quantitative study on the stress field and fracture patterns induced by high-pressure gas fracturing was conducted by combining numerical simulation, FracPaQ quantitative analysis, and model experiments. The results indicate that high-pressure gas rock-breaking exhibits characteristics of “slowness, persistence, and controllability”. Its radial uniform stress field starts gently, persists in development, and decays slowly. Emulsion explosive blasting, on the other hand, is characterized by “instantaneity, intensity, and explosiveness”, forming a complex dynamic stress field. This stress field starts intensely, develops rapidly, and decays quickly. The crack length and expansion direction of high-pressure gas rock-breaking are relatively stable, with the main crack initiating at a longer length and in a concentrated direction, and the number of secondary cracks being fewer, primarily dominated by radial long cracks, the crack propagation pattern is more macroscopic. The crack sensitivity of emulsion explosive blasting is more complex, with cracks mainly concentrated in the circumferential direction and distributed in a chaotic manner, dominated by short-to-medium cracks, resulting in a richer crack hierarchy,the crack propagation morphology is more microscopic. The research findings provide technical support and data reference for the analysis of high-pressure gas rock-breaking mechanisms and scheme comparison in complex environments.