Under the dual carbon goals, the clean and efficient utilization of coal and its co-combustion with biomass have become important research directions in the energy field. As important power coal types in Xinjiang, Zhundong coal and Hami coal show differences in combustion characteristics and require improvements in burnout performance. Salix psammophila, as a typical desert biomass, is characterized by high volatile matter and low pollutant emissions. Investigating the combustion characteristics and kinetics of its co-combustion with coal is of great theoretical and engineering value for optimizing fuel blending ratios and improving combustion efficiency. The combustion characteristics of Zhundong coal, Hami coal and Salix psammophila when they were burned alone and in different proportions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and the kinetic characteristics were analyzed by the Coats-Redfern method. The results show that the comprehensive combustion performance index of the fuels when burned alone is in the descending order of Salix psammophila, Hami coal and Zhundong coal. Compared with the combustion of pure Zhundong coal, the comprehensive combustion performance index and burnout performance index were greatly improved when Zhundong coal and Hami coal were mixed. When coupled combustion occurred, the addition of Salix psammophila improved the comprehensive combustion performance of coal and significantly reduced the activation energy of the combustion reaction. The activation energies required by Zhundong coal and Hami coal are 15.67×10⁸ kJ/mol and 43.67×10⁸ kJ/mol, respectively. When Salix psammophila was mixed with Zhundong coal and Hami coal, the comprehensive performance reached the optimum when the mixing ratio of Salix psammophila was about 30%. At this ratio, the comprehensive combustion performance indices of Zhundong coal/Salix psammophila, Hami coal/Salix psammophila, and Zhundong coal/Hami coal/Salix psammophila coupled combustion remain at relatively high levels, and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor achieve the optimal synergistic matching. The experimental results provide a feasible solution for improving the combustion performance of coal and achieving clean and efficient combustion of coal.