The bearing performance of the pavement under super-heavy loads is of great significance, as the requirements for the load-carrying surface under super-heavy rocket transportation are put forward. Based on the concept of elastic foundation plate and elastic-plastic multi-layer system, two types of pavement were proposed: wide-flange integral concrete pavement and cement concrete pavement with semi-rigid base. Using numerical simulation analysis methods, implicit static analysis models and explicit dynamic analysis models were established to explore the deformation behavior and bearing capacity of the two types of pavements under super-heavy loads. The research shows as follows. The wide-flange integral pavement has high overall stiffness and strong bearing capacity, with relatively low requirements for the bearing capacity of the underlying soil foundation. It is insensitive to eccentric loading, and the settlement deformation of the pavement under special loads can be controlled at around 20 mm. The stress on the surface layer and base layer of the semi-rigid pavement with cement concrete can be controlled within the allowable range, but its settlement under special loads is relatively large, with an increase of 47.8% compared to that of the integral pavement. The plastic strain of the underlying soil foundation is relatively large, with an increase of 231% compared to the maximum plastic strain of the integral pavement. It is sensitive to eccentric loading and has relatively high requirements for the bearing capacity of the soil foundation. The requirement for the subgrade bearing capacity is 37.1% higher than that of the wide-flange integral pavement. Considering the outstanding adaptability to low subgrade bearing capacity, smaller settlement deformation control, and better applicability to eccentric loading, the wide-flange integral pavement is preferred as the pavement type for super-heavy rocket transportation. The research results provide theoretical and practical support for China’s aerospace super-heavy rocket transportation.