To explore the medication rules of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) in the treatment of CC (chronic cholecystitis), relevant TCM treatment studies on CC were screened by searching five major Chinese and English databases. Data mining was conducted using methods including frequency analysis, Latent Structure Model, and Association Rule Analysis to statistically summarize the common clinical TCM syndromes,HFH (high-frequency herbs), properties, flavors, meridian tropisms, and medicinal effects of CC. Lantern 5.0 and R 4.5.3 software were applied to perform Latent Structure Model analysis and Association Rule Analysis on the obtained HFH data, so as to explore the commonly used prescriptions and drug compatibility in clinical CC treatment. The results show that CC involves 11 categories of TCM syndromes and 229 kinds of high-frequency herbs. HFH include Bupleurum chinense, Lysimachia christinae Hance, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, etc. These herbs mainly belong to the Liver, Spleen, and Stomach Meridians. In terms of four natures and five flavors, cold-natured drugs and bitter-flavored drugs are dominant, covering 15 categories of herbs such as tonifying herbs, Qi-regulating herbs, and dampness-draining and diuretic herbs.Latent Structure Model analysis yields 22 latent variables and 5 comprehensive clustering models. By inferring syndromes based on prescriptions, the common TCM syndromes of CC are identified as Liver-Gallbladder Qi Stagnation Syndrome, Liver-Gallbladder Damp-Heat Syndrome, Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Syndrome, Liver constraint and spleen deficiency, and Liver Yin Deficiency Syndrome.Association Rule Analysis indicates that the drug pair with the highest support degree is Lysimachia christinae-Bupleurum chinense Hance, while the combination with the highest confidence degree is Paeonia lactiflora Pall-Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi-Bupleurum chinense.It can be concluded that the pathogenesis of CC is predominated by excess syndromes, with “dampness, heat, and Qi stagnation” as the core pathogenesis. Prolonged illness may lead to deficiency and blood stasis. Therefore, clinical treatment should focus on clearing heat and draining dampness, soothing the Liver and promoting Gallbladder Qi circulation, and combine with Qi regulation and blood activation, liver softening and spleen invigoration, and Yin nourishing and heat clearing according to the course of the disease and symptom manifestations.