tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) and HIIT (high-intensity interval training) can affect executive function in healthy individuals by regulating cortical excitability, neurotransmitter release, and intercortical functional connectivity, with a potential synergistic effect. Two decades of domestic and international literature on the effects of tDCS, HIIT, and their combined methods on executive function in healthy individuals were systematically reviewed. Studies have shown that tDCS alone, HIIT alone, or their combination can improve inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in healthy subjects, and HIIT combined with accelerated tDCS also has a potential synergistic effect. However, repeated verification of the effect of single interventions and empirical exploration of potential combined methods are still insufficient. Future research should explore the effects and after-effects of tDCS, HIIT, and accelerated tDCS combined with HIIT on executive function in special populations (athletes, soldiers, astronauts, etc.), and reveal their neurophysiological mechanisms through neuroimaging technology to provide a scientific basis for improving executive function.