Anchor bolt support technology is extensively applied in basic engineering projects such as tunnels and subways. To improve the stability of the Anchorage body and optimize the anchoring spacing of bolts, it is crucial to conduct an in-depth research on the anchorage range and pull-out performance of the anchorage body. A peridynamics (PD) model of the anchorage body was proposed. To accurately determine the anchorage range and failure modes, the model adopts a full-length anchoring approach, assuming that the anchor bolt does not fracture during the pull-out process. Additionally, interfacial particles were introduced at the anchor-solid interface to replace adhesives and facilitate load transfer. By integrating the trilinear model of the anchor-adhesive interaction from traditional anchoring theory, the PD model enables the calculation of interactions between different material points within the peridynamics framework. The accuracy of the predicted failure modes was validated through transparent rock anchor pull-out tests, while the distribution patterns of axial force and interfacial shear stress were verified by comparing with existing literature. The results demonstrate that the PD model effectively describes the failure process and anchorage range of anchored structures, providing a robust analytical tool for future studies on anchor bolt support systems.