In China, there exist significant volumes of coal resources that remain stranded above the goaf areas of close-distance multiple coal seams. The primary challenge in mining these coal seam groups lies in assessing the extent of disturbance and damage caused by repeated mining activities on residual seams, as well as in mastering the structural characteristics and deformation patterns of the overlying strata. The long-term practical experience of coordinated mining in the Kailuan Mining Area was grounded upon, and traditional discrimination methods for upward mining, including the relationships between mining height and interlayer spacing, and among burial depth, interlayer spacing, and mining height, were drawn upon. Based on key factors such as the distribution of coal-bearing strata, interlayer interactions, mechanical properties of rock strata, and mining-induced failure, the concept of “upward mining feasibility” was proposed for the first time, and a quantitative approach and evaluation system for assessing this feasibility were established. The method was applied to generate a feasibility cloud map for the upward mining of the No.9 coal seam based on geological data from the Qianjiaying Mine. The development degree of fractures and the fracturing condition of the overlying strata and the floor of the No.9 coal seam were measured in situ through borehole inspection and ground penetrating radar detection. The results indicate that after mining the No.12 coal seam, the caving zone ranges from 15.4 to 21.2 m, and the overall subsidence of the overlying strata in the observation section ranges from 0.1 to 0.4 m. The No.9 coal seam remains continuous, which further verifies the feasibility of upward mining. During the mining of panel 1692 of the No.9 coal seam, mine pressure monitoring data indicate relatively low roof stress, with no significant periodic weighting observed. The average utilization rate of the support load is 59%, reflecting a generally low level of support load utilization. The extraction of the No. 9 coal seam yields favorable results. Consequently, the feasibility assessment method provides a new basis for the upward mining of coal seam groups.