To study the evolution characteristics and morphology of system fault evolution process (SFEP), a system fault evolution space was established based on the idea of quantum mechanics. The role of measurement, uncertainty and assumptions, as well as the actual form of the evolutionary space, were studied from a quantum perspective. The results show that the evolution space is a three-dimensional space composed of the factor space plane and the evolution time axis. There are six kinds of changes in factor space and SFEP caused by measurement. Infinite change to finite is the premise of measurement. Space change to time and future change to history are caused by the collapse of evolution space measurement. The reduction of multiple factors, uncertainty change to certainty, and the diversity change to singleness are the results of the change of the former. At the same time, it is difficult to realize that factor measurement must be completed, instantly and accurately. Finally, it is determined that the actual morphology of the evolution space is the evolution space formed by two cones with a vertex angle of 45°. In this evolution space, SFEP has causality, and there is no causality outside.