To clarify the complex mineralization and synergistic storage potential of tight limestone CO₂-water-rock systems, a dynamic physical simulation experiment method for limestone CO₂-water-rock mineralization was established using a gas-liquid circulation system. The gas-liquid-solid dynamic dissolution experiments of limestone under different reaction times were systematically carried out. Combined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and in-situ computed tomography(CT) scanning technology, the evolution characteristics of microscopic pore structure under different dissolution cycles were investigated. On this basis, the quantitative evaluation model of CO₂ sequestration potential in limestone was innovatively formed, and the CO₂ sequestration potential in different stages was revealed. The results show that the water-rock mineralization reaction rate of tight limestone and CO₂ gradually increases with the passage of the reaction period, which leads to the micro-morphology of limestone showing the characteristics of porous and loose dissolution deterioration. The number of different micro-scale pores increases significantly, and the porosity increases from 0.08% to 2.73%. Due to the dynamic mineralization of CO₂-water-limestone, the mineralization consumption of CO₂ by tight limestone increased from 0.025 mg/g to 1.898 mg/g, showing an exponential growth trend. The carbon sequestration capacity of limestone samples was positively correlated with their quality and reaction time. After 60 days, the stage carbon sequestration rate of limestone samples increased from 47.917% to 62.065%. The CO₂ sequestration potential evaluation model based on the relationship between limestone quality, reaction cycle, and carbon sequestration has high reliability and applicability. The research results can provide a reference for the CO₂ mineralization and storage of tight limestone.