In debris flow disaster prevention and control engineering, check dams are usually arranged in stages along the gully to form a barrier system, so as to achieve the goal of disaster prevention and mitigation at the whole watershed scale. The spatial layout of the barrier system has a significant impact on the comprehensive prevention and control efficiency of debris flow disasters. To reveal the interaction effect between different combined barrier systems and debris flows, solid dams and comb dams were combined in multiple modes to construct a multi-stage barrier system. Meanwhile, SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) method was adopted to simulate debris flow slurry, and DEM (discrete element method) was used to simulate debris flow blocks. The influences of barrier systems with different combination modes on the dynamic process and interception efficiency of debris flows were analyzed. The results show that the barrier system with the comb-solid dam combination mode has more reasonable stress distribution and storage capacity allocation, and its disaster prevention benefit is optimal. Reducing the opening spacing of comb dams has no obvious effect on increasing the impact force, but can significantly improve the interception efficiency. After the regulation of the first-stage dam, increasing the spacing of downstream dams can reduce the impact force on subsequent dams. The research results can provide certain theoretical support for the spatial layout and strength design of debris flow barrier systems.