In order to solve the problem of unclear energy loss distribution in complex aircraft fuel systems, a quantitative analysis method of energy loss was proposed in this paper based on Flowmaster simulation software, and the energy loss and dynamic proportion of energy loss of multiple subsystems were analyzed. A one-dimensional fluid simulation model covering fuel pump, fuel supply system, fuel delivery system, fuel return system and engine was constructed with a certain type of aircraft fuel system as the object. The effectiveness of the simulation model was verified by comparing the simulation data with the experimental data (error <3%). The research results indicate that under each typical flight condition, the energy loss of centrifugal pumps accounts for the largest proportion, followed by the energy loss generated by the fuel delivery system. The proportions of the above parts are from 78.4% to 79.8% and from 12.4% to 13.8% respectively. Based on this, the cold backup strategy and distributed fuel delivery strategy were further proposed. By adopting cold backup strategy, the energy consumption of the centrifugal pump and fuel delivery system was reduced by approximately 60% and 20% respectively under each typical flight condition. For the aircraft fuel system under study, in the dual pump working mode and single pump working mode, the fuel transfer efficiency under each typical flight condition does not exceed 2.5% and 4% respectively. Adopting a distributed fuel transfer strategy can significantly improve the fuel transfer efficiency. A simulation model for the calculation of energy loss of aircraft fuel system was established, and a calculation method of energy loss was proposed, providing a basis and engineering practice path for the low-energy consumption design of aircraft fuel systems.