The existing shaped charge design mainly relies on experience and a small number of target tests for trial-and-error adjustment, resulting in low accuracy and efficiency and high cost. Numerical analysis is an effective method to replace testing. However, the key parameters of numerical analysis are often obtained according to experience, which seriously affects the accuracy of numerical analysis. The pressure and damage at the moment of penetration were quantified. The response time of different interfaces and the propagation velocity of shock wave were measured by using the fly-plate of the two-stage light gas gun. The dynamic response characteristics of the high speed impact charging cover and concrete material were determined, and the D-u and P-V relationships were obtained. The particle velocity after shock wave was measured. The pressure-time curve of the penetration process was obtained, and the attenuation of shock wave, the shape of the penetration crater and the damage degree of the back target were measured. The flying plate penetration test of the projectile target medium was carried out at the impact speed of 0.9~2.5 km/s for 22 rounds. The pressure range of the projectile cover material was 20~65 GPa, and the pressure of the concrete material was 7.5~30GPa. The Hugoniot D-u relationship of the projectile target material in the pressure range was linear. The pressure-time curve of the penetration process was obtained by the 4.5 km/s penetration test. The shock wave attenuated and the penetration formed a crater shape, and the peak pressure formed by different projectile materials in the C100 concrete target was higher than that in the C80 target. The attenuation coefficient of stress waves in C80 under ultra-high-speed penetration is greater than that of C100, and the attenuation coefficients of stress waves in C100 and C80 are between 1.42~1.66 and 1.55~1.95, respectively. The research in this paper can provide key parameters for numerical analysis of shaped charge penetration, and can also provide reference for quantitative analysis of pressure and damage law at the moment of shaped charge penetration.