The roof water hazard, a major safety threat in deep coal seam mining, is primarily governed by the propagation and interconnection of water-conducting fractures under coupled mining-induced stress and groundwater seepage conditions. This hazard is particularly pronounced in the Jurassic coalfields of the Ordos Basin, western China, where the Cretaceous Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer has been identified as the primary water source for inrushes. The pronounced heterogeneity and anisotropy of this aquifer exert a significant control over the development and severity of water hazards. The development and severity of water hazards are governed significantly by the pronounced heterogeneity and anisotropy of this aquifer. Presently, permeability parameters continue to be derived primarily from empirical assumptions, without sufficient support from microstructural evidence. A comprehensive analysis of the pore structure, permeability, and movable fluid characteristics of the Luohe Formation sandstone from the Xinzhuang Coal Mine was carried out using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The investigation systematically examined the influences of mining depth (505~814 m), lithology (fine, medium, and coarse sandstone), and orientation (horizontal/vertical), with the results being complemented by a comparison against pumping tests. The results indicate that the horizontal permeability is generally higher than the vertical permeability, with the maximum anisotropy coefficient reaching 9.81 in fine sandstone. Sedimentary bedding is identified as the dominant factor controlling both pore structure and seepage anisotropy. Movable fluid is found to be predominantly stored in mesopores, macropores, and fractures with T₂ relaxation times greater than 10 ms. Furthermore, a discrepancy of up to orders of magnitude is observed between the permeability parameters derived from pumping tests and those obtained from laboratory experiments, suggesting that fracture flow plays a governing role in macroscopic seepage behavior, thus confirming the typical dual-porosity medium characteristics of the aquifer. A microscale structural foundation for the precise prediction and control of roof water inrush is established in this work.