Based on data mining technology to explore the traditional Chinese medicine evidence and treatment pattern of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) combined with non-alcholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to reveal its core disease mechanism, drug dispensing characteristics, and potential underlying mechanisms. A systematic search of relevant Chinese and international databases was conducted from database construction to December, 2024 to include clinical studies related to CHB combined with NAFLD, and a database of the evidence types, evidence elements and medication flavors was constructed using EXCEL, and an association rule analysis and cluster analysis were performed based on the Apriori algorithm using the R language. The core herbs identified were subjected to network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking validation. A total of 83 studies were included, with the core of evidence type being “Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency”, “Dampness and Heat Internal Invasion”, and “Phlegm and Stasis Mutual Conjugation”, with the disease location focusing on the liver, spleen and kidney, and the disease nature being mainly Qi Depression, Qi Deficiency and Dampness. The core herbal combination was “Shanzha-Danshen-Zexie”. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis revealed that the key active components included alisol B, suchilactone, and alisol B acetate, targeting core proteins such as BCL2, STAT3, SRC, AKT1, and IL6. These herbs may exert therapeutic effects by regulating metabolic processes, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidative stress mechanisms. The core pathogenesis of CHB combined with NAFLD was revealed through data mining for the first time, which is that “the liver and spleen have the same disease, and dampness and stasis are intertwined with each other”, and puts forward the principle of “dredging the liver and strengthening the spleen, clearing heat and removing stasis”. Furthermore, network pharmacology research elucidated the potential mechanisms of the core herbal combination, providing a theoretical basis for further studies.