Hydraulically operated solenoid valves, serving as critical actuating components in control systems for nuclear power plants, are consistently subjected to complex environmental stresses such as intense vibrations, extreme temperatures, high humidity, and electromagnetic interference. These conditions impose significant challenges on hydraulically operated solenoid valve reliability and service life. The working principle, structural type, and typical failure forms of solenoid valves were systematically summarized. Current research status and development trends in reliability prediction methodologies were analyzed, with specific focus on modeling approaches, data fusion techniques, and adaptive failure prediction algorithm applications observed in domestic and international studies. Adaptive failure prediction algorithm for solenoid valves was investigated primarily through single working conditions and multi-physics coupling. Secondly, the challenges and problems encountered in the design, prediction, and optimization of solenoid valve reliability within the country in question were further highlighted. Finally, based on the current status and shortcomings of China’s solenoid valve research and development capabilities, relevant suggestions and prospects for the research on solenoid valve reliability prediction technology were put forward.