In order to further enhance the economic efficiency and environmental performance of microgrid systems, a coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for a microgrid incorporating the participation of electric vehicles and ice storage air conditioning systems was proposed. First, mathematical models of wind turbines, photovoltaic generators, diesel generators, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and ice storage air conditioning systems in the microgrid were established. Then, considering constraints such as power balance and equipment output limits, an optimal scheduling model of the microgrid was constructed with the minimization of operation and maintenance costs and environmental governance costs as the optimization objectives, and the model was solved and analyzed using the Gurobi solver. The results show that, through a comparison of microgrid operation under different scenarios, the proposed optimal scheduling strategy increases the wind-solar energy accommodation rate by 2.59%, reduces environmental costs by 40.27%, and decreases operation and maintenance costs by 41.49%, thereby effectively improving the capability of renewable energy utilization and enhancing the environmental friendliness and economic performance of the microgrid system.