With the accelerating global aging population, growing attention has been paid to the biomechanical adaptation mechanisms of mobility aids designed to improve the movement function of elderly and mobility-impaired individuals. The effects of ambulatory assistance modes on lower limb biomechanics was investigated, with a focus on three dimensions: joint kinematics, dynamics, and muscle co-activation. It was demonstrated that mobility aids significantly enhance static stability by expanding the base of support, with a 1.5~2.3 fold increase in support area and a 38.2% reduction in center-of-mass displacement. However, they may impair dynamic coordination, as evidenced by a 68% asymmetry in bilateral joint loading. Regarding joint kinematics, the adaptive relationships between aid parameters (height/width/type) and the ranges of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints remain unclear. Kinetic analyses have revealed that optimized designs can reduce joint moments, such as a 45%~52% decrease in ankle energy consumption, but personalized injury risk prediction systems are lacking. Surface electromyography (sEMG) evidence indicates that while mobility aids reduce muscle activation intensity with a 7.5%~10.2% decrease in integrated electromyography, they may induce abnormal muscle compensation strategies. Three key limitations have been identified in current research.The absence of dynamic kinematic adaptation mechanisms.An unclear synergy between joint moment optimization and energy expenditure.The unresolved contradiction between gait stability enhancement and muscle efficiency. To address these challenges, personalized adaptation models integrating multi-parameter fusion need to be developed to maximize biomechanical benefits.