As an important component of clean energy, the efficient development of geothermal resources relies on accurate delineation of the structure and dynamic characteristics of thermal reservoirs. The application of electrical exploration, magnetic exploration, seismic exploration and comprehensive geophysical exploration methods in geothermal exploration was systematically reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the technologies were analyzed based on international cutting-edge cases. Research indicates that the wide-area electromagnetic method (WEM), through high-density 3D array observation and multi-parameter joint inversion, significantly improves the resolution of deep thermal reservoir imaging. Seismic-electromagnetic cooperative imaging technology, combined with 3D inversion modeling, enables precise interpretation of geological structures at kilometer depths. Furthermore, distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technologies facilitate real-time monitoring of the dynamic properties of thermal reservoirs. International practices demonstrate that the Netherlands' low-unit-cost development model based on 3D seismic data significantly enhances economic viability; microseismic monitoring at The Geysers geothermal field in the United States effectively manages induced seismic risks. High-precision 3D seismic imaging in Germany's Upper Rhine Graben reveals the structure of deep fractured geothermal reservoirs, and the FORGE project in the United States demonstrates a technical pathway for constructing high-resolution velocity models through multi-scale data fusion to support enhanced geothermal system (EGS) development. Currently, geothermal geophysics still faces challenges such as non-uniqueness in interpretation, insufficient deep exploration capability, limited dynamic monitoring accuracy, and a lack of data fusion standards. Future efforts should focus on constructing multi-physical field joint inversion platforms, developing high-temperature-resistant equipment, and establishing data fusion standards. This will promote interdisciplinary technological integration in geothermal exploration, driving its development toward greater intelligence, real-time capability, and deeper penetration, thereby providing technical support for the efficient global exploitation of geothermal resources.