To characterize the evolution of the skid resistance and texture parameters of SMA-13 mixtures with different material compositions under ultraviolet radiation (UV) and a high load (1.0 MPa), three SMA-13 mixtures were prepared and subjected to testing: SBS-modified asphalt with natural aggregates (A), SBS-modified asphalt with steel slag aggregates (B), and high-modulus asphalt with natural aggregates (C). Using a dual-wheel abrasion tester, the mixtures were subjected to wear tests before and after UV aging. The British pendulum number (BPN) and texture parameters were measured at different wear durations. The results demonstrate that with increasing wear duration, the BPN of all three mixtures exhibits a non-monotonic trend, characterized by a distinct three-stage evolution pattern. Consequently, an evaluation index system for skid resistance was proposed, comprising the mean and maximum BPN values in stage 2, the BPN decay rate in stage 3, and the BPN at the maximum wear duration. Compared to mixtures A and C, mixture B exhibits enhanced skid resistance following UV aging, as evidenced by significantly higher mean and maximum BPN values in stage 2 and an increase in the BPN at the maximum wear duration. Furthermore, the decay rates in the three stages decreases by 50% and 67%, respectively, indicating reduced aging sensitivity and superior wear resistance. Following UV aging, the initial mean profile depth (MPD) of mixtures A and B decreases significantly, with MPD degradation rates in stage 3 of 0.50 mm/h and 0.15 mm/h, respectively. These findings confirm that UV aging is a critical factor in texture degradation, and the steel slag mixture (B) demonstrating a significantly lower degradation rate. Correlation analysis revealed high coefficients of determination (R²) between MPD and BPN of 0.87 and 0.94 for mixtures A and B, respectively, indicating a strong correlation. Therefore, research on pavement skid resistance restoration technology based on the concept of texture reconstruction is justified.