Soil formation and evolution are highly complex processes, in which rocks are regarded as the foundational material that profoundly influences the physicochemical properties and microbial environments of soil. A systematic analysis of the effects of rock weathering on soil environments and their regulatory pathways was of great significance for understanding soil evolution and practical agricultural production. Based on long-term investigation into rock weathering processes and underlying mechanisms, this direct effects and indirect regulatory pathways of rock weathering on soil environments were comprehensively examined. The internal and external influencing factors were dissected, and its critical role in agricultural production and ecosystem stability was explored through cutting-edge applications. The physicochemical attributes of soil, including composition, structure, and nutrient status, are found to exhibit pronounced inheritance from parental rocks. Under lithological constraints, rock weathering is shown to drive microbial community assembly, thereby shaping soil environmental heterogeneity. The intrinsic properties of rocks are identified as key determinants of weathering processes, with biological weathering being recognized as dominant yet challenging focus in current research. Additionally, variations in weathering processes resulting from small-scale microenvironments at regional levels are noted as non-negligible factors.Rock weathering is considered pivotal in multiple fields, such as stony soil remediation, long-acting solid agricultural fertilizers, and mitigation of global climate warming. Future research should be directed toward the precise quantification of weathering rates, the development of predictive models, and the utilization of rock-based solid fertilizers. These advancements are expected to provide a theoretical foundations for regulating stony soil environments and innovating rock-derived fertilizer resources.