Potash is an important strategic mineral resource that is widely used in agriculture, chemical industry, and medicine. It serves as the main raw material for the production of potash fertilizers and plays a significant role in economic development and social progress. The Qaidam Basin is a major potash metallogenic belt in China. Its surface condition and subsurface structure are complex, and the potash-bearing strata are shallowly buried with large lateral variations, which pose great challenges to the acquisition and processing of shallow seismic exploration data. Key seismic data processing techniques suitable for the shallow potash exploration in the dual-complex area were systematically investigated, including static correction, pre-stack noise suppression, amplitude compensation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, and migration imaging. These techniques were optimized and integrated into a seismic data processing workflow applicable to the northeastern margin of the Qaidam Basin. The results show that the application of these key techniques significantly improves the imaging of shallow potash strata in this region and provides a reliable geophysical basis for potash resource exploration in the Qaidam Basin.