The launch container is recognized as one of the key equipment in missile weapon systems, serving for the storage, transportation, and launch of missiles, and it is susceptible to fragment impact during combat. The typical launch container structure was took as the research object. Using fragments as the damage element, the damage effects on various target functional systems and components were analyzed. A damage tree model for the launch container was established. The calculation of projectile-target encounter was completed based on the equivalent firing line method. With the ultimate penetration velocity and residual velocity serving as the criteria for terminal damage effects, a vulnerability analysis model targeting the missile launch container was constructed. Based on this vulnerability analysis model, a comprehensive vulnerability assessment was conducted on each component and the overall launch container.The results indicate that the vulnerability sensitivities of various missile launch container components differ significantly when subjected to fragment impacts of different velocities and from different directions. When the fragment velocity is within 220 m/s, no damage is caused to the overall missile launch container from the four typical directions of impact. When the fragment velocity ranges from 220 m/s to 630 m/s, the launch container is more susceptible to damage from lateral and top impacts. When the fragment velocity exceeds 630 m/s, impacts from the front and rear directions are more likely to cause damage to the launch container. This damage assessment result not only provides support for the structural optimization of launch container components against fragment impacts but also offers guidance for formulating combat strike strategies.