With the core goal of ensuring the safe operation of fishing vessels in Zhoushan,on-site inclining tests were conducted on eight different types of fishing vessels in Zhoushan to accurately obtain the lightship weight and center of gravity. The COMPASS software was used to establish the ship model and calculate stability under various loading conditions. The influence mechanisms of hull form, loading condition, and sea state on stability were analyzed. Optimization strategies such as cabin layout adjustment, lightweight superstructure, and anti-rolling devices were proposed, resulting in a 0.1 m reduction in the vertical center of gravity and an 8.96% improvement in stability criteria.