In order to investigate the effects of steel fiber volume fractions, PVA (polyvinyl alcohols) fiber volume fractions and slag powder replacement ratios on the uniaxial compression stress-strain curve of S-PVA HFHPC (steel-PVA hybrid fiber high performance concrete). A total of 84 specimens were designed and fabricated, with steel fibers, PVA fibers, and slag powder dosage serving as the primary test variables. Comprehensive uniaxial compression tests were to evaluate the performance of the specimens throughout the entire loading process, which revealed the full-stage mechanical behaviors of S-PVA HFHPC from the elastic phase and yield phase to the failure phase. The results show that the synergistic interaction of S-PVA fibers significantly enhances the mechanical properties of concrete. Compared with HPC (high performance concrete) specimens, the peak stress and elastic modulus of the S-PVA HFHPC specimens increase by up to 42% and 36.7%, respectively, and significantly improve the vertical and transverse strains of concrete. Hybrid fiber interaction reduces the brittleness coefficient by 18.38% and increases the toughness coefficient by 16.38%. Additionally, the failure mode of S-PVA HFHPC transitions from brittle splitting failure to shear failure, characterized by enhanced ductility, owing to the key role of steel fibers in reinforcing the matrix. Furthermore, a practical mathematical model is developed to describe the uniaxial compression stress-strain curve of S-PVA HFHPC.