To enable the rapid reshaping of skid-resistant textures in cement pavements, three types of liquid materials were designed: self-made emulsions (A1, A2), waterborne epoxy resins (B1, B2, B3, B4), and water (C). These materials were formulated into seven two-component coating formulations with varying solid-liquid ratios. Pull-off tests, pendulum friction tests, laser texture scanning, and freeze-thaw cycling tests were conducted to assess the bonding interface, skid resistance, and freeze-thaw performance of the coatings. The results demonstrate that coating thickness significantly affects pull-off strength, with the optimal thickness range being 2~4 mm, and the maximum pull-off strength observed at 3 mm. With a coating thickness of 3 mm and curing times of 6 h and 24 h, the pull-off strengths of the waterborne epoxy coatings (B3, B4) reached their maximum values of 1.707 MPa and 1.905 MPa, respectively. British pendulum number of the coated samples increased significantly (>15%), with the emulsions (A2) showing a greater increase (>30%). The mean profile depth (MPD) of the coatings increased substantially (21%~43%). Additionally, the slope spectral density (SSD) peak band shifted from 1.78 mm to 0.5 mm before and after coating, which accounts for the enhanced skid resistance at the texture scale. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the uncoated samples exhibit significant exposure, while the coated samples only show slight peeling, with the waterborne epoxy coatings (B3) showing the best protective effect. In conclusion, the two-component coating technology can enhance the skid resistance and protective performance of concrete, making it a promising approach for the rapid repair of pavement surfaces.