In order to identify the hidden geological disasters under the coal field fire area, it is of great significance to ensure the safe mining of coal mines and the safety of people's lives. Conventional ground geophysical exploration methods have problems such as poor anti-interference ability, low construction efficiency or inability to construct, which are difficult to solve the problems of fine detection of hidden ground disasters in the goaf of coal fields. Based on this, taking the No. 1 area of Chatkale Coal Mine as the detection object, the drone airborne transient electromagnetic method (DATEM) was used to detect the hidden goaf below the coal field fire area and analyze it. First, the drone airborne transient electromagnetic system independently developed by the team was introduced, and the parameter index comparison analysis was carried out with the foreign helicopter airborne electromagnetic system. Second, the drone airborne transient electromagnetic data processing method was introduced, and the model containing low resistance layer was established for inversion calculation. The results show that the nonlinear optimization method can effectively distinguish the low resistance anomalies, and the anomalous information obtained is fine. Finally, the drone airborne transient electromagnetic method of coalfield fire area was carried out to detect the goaf. Combined with the comparative analysis of known roadway data, the accuracy and effectiveness of the drone airborne transient electromagnetic method detection results are verified. The research content shows that the drone airborne transient electromagnetic method is an efficient and green aviation electromagnetic technology, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fine detection of coalfield hidden disaster treatment and so on.