To explore the deformation and evolution characteristics of slopes, reveale the derivation mechanism of slope disasters. Reasonable predicte and early warn slope disasters, the transparent similarity model test technique, four sets of transparent similarity tests were conducted using self-developed equipment for slope deformation and failure. The influence of different fracture locations was considered. The interaction mechanism between slope deformation and fracture evolution was analyzed through graphical analysis and particle tracking. The stage characteristics of slope deformation evolution were revealed. The experimental results are verified using two typical landslide cases: the “Xinmo Village Landslide (2017)” and the “Baige Landslide (2018)”. The results show these as follows. The deformation evolution of the slope is highly consistent with the derivation, development, and penetration of cracks. Three distinct stages are identified: initial deformation, uniform deformation, and accelerated deformation. The initial and uniform deformation stages account for 71%~85% of the total failure evolution time. Fractures significantly influence slope deformation and failure. When fractures are near the slope, sliding occurs mainly in the middle and upper parts. When fractures are farther away, the slope slides as a whole. The presence of fractures reduces the slope’s ultimate bearing capacity, advances the overall sliding time, and increases displacement. The closer the fractures are to the slope, the more pronounced these effects become. The instantaneous tangential angle of displacement effectively distinguishes the three deformation stages. In Stage Ⅰ (initial deformation), the angle ranges from 0° to 30°; in Stage Ⅱ (uniform deformation), from 30° to 50°; and in Stage Ⅲ (accelerated deformation), from 50° to 60°. During each stage, the tangential angle increases rapidly and nearly linearly, with an increase of approximately 10°~30°. It is concluded that protective measures should be tailored based on fracture distribution in practical engineering. When the instantaneous tangential angle fluctuates within 50°~60°, the slope is considered to have reached its limit state, providing a basis for early warning of geological disasters.