Walking aids，as essential assistive devices for improving gait stability in the elderly and individuals with lower limb dysfunction，have parameters （type，height，width） whose configurations significantly influence gait dynamics and muscle activation patterns，making this a key research focus in rehabilitation engineering. Multimodal data synchronization technology was employed，integrating a 3D motion capture system，force platforms，and surface electromyography （sEMG），to quantitatively analyze the effects of frame-style and wheeled walkers under different height and width configurations on gait stability and lower limb muscle activation. Six elderly participants were recruited to complete walking tasks under 18 walking aid mode combinations，with evaluations of the gait stability index （GSI） and muscle activation metrics [root mean square（RMS），integrated electromyography（iEMG）].The results demonstrate that the wheeled walker achieves optimal performance when adjusts to a height of 2.5 cm above the greater trochanter （H25），with a gait smoothness rate of only 0.008 7，significantly outperforming the frame-style walker. However，excessive width （e.g.，W80） reduces stability. Walker height significantly affects the activation intensity of the soleus and quadriceps，with the H50 configuration increasing muscle activation. Width adjustments primarily influence the gastrocnemius and triceps surae，with W80 causing overactivation. The H0W50 （standard height and width） configuration achieves the best balance between support and muscle load. The results reveal nonlinear contradictions in the parametric regulation of walking aid modes，providing a theoretical basis for optimizing walker design to balance gait stability and muscle metabolic load. The findings offer important guidance for the personalized fitting of rehabilitation assistive devices.