Horizontal well staged fracturing technology is an effective means of unconventional oil and gas exploitation, and fracture monitoring and diagnosis is an effective means to objectively evaluate the hydraulic fracturing effect, and also an effective support for the recognition of hydraulic fracture morphology and the evaluation of development effect. Based on the investigation and analysis of fracture monitoring technology China and abroad, the present situation, principle, design method, application and development trend of micro-seismic, electromagnetic and distributed optical fiber sensing fracture monitoring technology were systematically summarized. At the same time, aiming at the limitation of single monitoring method, the combined application method of fracturing monitoring technology was proposed, and the future development direction of fracture monitoring technology was prospected and analyzed. The result provides theoretical basis and technical reference for hydraulic fracturing monitoring of unconventional oil and gas resources.