The flue gas condensation heat transfer of boilers in coal-fired power plants is one of the important technologies to improve the thermal efficiency of boilers. Exploring the condensation heat transfer mechanism and the heat and mass transfer process of flue gases with different components is of great value for the efficient recovery and utilization of low-temperature flue gas waste heat. The literature metrology and statistics method and the VOSviewer software were used to analyze the research status of flue gas condensation heat transfer in boilers. The condensation heat transfer mechanisms, technical principles, and application of flue gases with different components, such as pure steam, flue gas containing non-condensable gases, and dust-laden flue gas were summarized, and the correlation formulas of flue gas condensation heat transfer obtained through theoretical and experimental fitting were provided. In addition, the future development of the flue gas condensation heat transfer technology of boilers in coal-fired power plants is prospected, which can provide a reference for the research and development of technologies for both waste heat recovery and particulate matter removal in coal-fired power plants.