Taking two common types of emulsified asphalt cold recycled pavement structures（structure 1： cold recycled layer replaced the sublayer with equal thickness；structure 2： cold recycled layer was used as the upper base layer） and ordinary pavement structures（structure 3） as the research object，based on the experimental data of dynamic modulus，the visco-elastic parameters of the mixes of cold recycled layer were obtained through the time-temperature conversion equation and the generalized Maxwell model，and the viscoelastic mechanical responses of the sensitive layers of the pavement were analyzed under the action of dynamic loads. The viscoelastic mechanical response of sensitive layers of pavement under dynamic load was analyzed. Firstly，the time response of the three types of pavement structures was compared. Then，the mechanical responses of different pavement structures were investigated under three single conditions，namely，cold regeneration layer thickness，axle load and vehicle speed，as well as their composite conditions，respectively. The results show that the upper and middle surface layers of the three structures show the phenomenon of “compression-tension-compression” strain alternation and sudden change in the transverse and longitudinal directions，and the maximum residual strain of the surface layer appears in the upper layer under a single loading. Considering the results of strain and bending subsidence calculation，compared with structure 2，structure 1 is more sensitive to the thickness of the regeneration layer，when the thickness is increased from 8 cm to 12 cm and 15 cm，the peak vertical strain is reduced by 28.6% and 38.9%，and the bending subsidence value of the surface of the road is reduced by 4.1% and 5.8%，so it is recommended to use a larger regeneration layer thickness as much as possible. When the vehicle speed is reduced from 20 km/h to 10 km/h and 5 km/h，the peak longitudinal compressive strains of the cold regeneration layer increases by 12.8% and 23.4% for structure 2，and 11.4% and 16.8% for structure 1，respectively. All mechanical response indexes are sensitive to axial load conditions. The analysis of the composite working conditions show that low-speed heavy loading is the key causative factor in exacerbating pavement damage. Compared with the high-speed light load，the maximum shear stress of both structure 1 and structure 2 under the low-speed heavy load condition increases by a factor of 1，the bending subsidence increases by 45% and 46%，and the residual strain increases by 28% and 37%，respectively.