To investigate the impact of different perforation spacing on hydraulic fracture propagation in deep coal seams, a multi-perforation fracturing model was established based on the discrete element numerical simulation software PFC^2D. The effects of perforation spacing, flow rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity on fracture propagation patterns and fracture network complexity were explored and validated using data from Well L in the Shenfu Block. The results show that different perforation spacings significantly affect fracture morphology. Under smaller perforation spacing (16 m, 18 m), fractures propagate along the perforation line with fewer branches. Under larger perforation spacing (20 m, 22 m, and 24 m), fractures branch more when encountering bedding planes, forming a complex fracture network. The best fracture propagation effect occurs at a perforation spacing of 20 m, where both the fracture radius and the number of microfractures reach their maximum. Increasing the flow rate initially promotes fracture extension, but when the flow rate exceeds 15 m³/min, both the fracture radius and the number of microfractures start to decrease, indicating that excessively high flow rates suppress fracture propagation. Fracturing fluid viscosity also has a significant effect on fracture morphology; lowviscosity fracturing fluids promote microfracture generation, while high-viscosity fracturing fluids hinder remote fracture extension, reducing the complexity of the fracture network.