With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas resources, horizontal wells have been widely applied in various oil and gas reservoirs due to their large oil discharge area, which has effectively promoted the increase of domestic and international oil and gas production and is of vital significance in the field of oil and gas extraction. However, the clogging problem of horizontal wells during the mining process has become a key constraint on efficient production. Horizontal wells, due to their long well sections, complex trajectories and the influence of multiphase flow patterns, have diverse types of blockages, including scaling, paraffin and asphaltene deposition, sand particle blockages, and wellbore corrosion, which seriously affect the production efficiency and exploitation performance of oil wells. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to have a thorough understanding of the causes of horizontal well blockage and explore corresponding unblocking methods to ensure the normal exploitation of oil fields. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the common clogging types of horizontal wells in oil fields. On this basis, the main clogging technologies at home and abroad, such as physical clogging, chemical clogging and multi-component composite clogging were introduced. The current status of clogging detection and prediction methods was discussed, and the future research focus and development trend of horizontal well clogging were proposed, with the aim of providing guidance for subsequent horizontal well clogging decision-making.