To address the issue of relatively limited research on the mechanical mechanism of the socket of prefabricated circular pools, the mechanical properties of the socket were quantitatively studied. Firstly, a verified finite element model was established, and then through numerical analysis method, the effects of socket height, width, and interface roughness on its bearing capacity and cracks were systematically studied. The research results indicate that increasing the width of the socket helps to improve its bearing capacity, but the increase is limited, therefore, it is recommended that the socket width be between 1 to 1.5 times the width of the wall panel. Increasing the interface roughness is beneficial for improving the bearing capacity, with both the brushed and chiseled interfaces enhancing the socket’s bearing capacity by more than 25%. Both the socket width and interface roughness significantly affect the development of cracks, by increasing the socket width, the cracking load can be doubled, and the interface roughness can increase the cracking load by more than 25%.