To investigate the ultraviolet aging behavior of polyurethane pavement during service under environmental influences, three aging methods were designed by considering natural environmental factors. The tensile properties, chemical composition, tensile strength of polyurethane mixtures, and variation in road performance of polyurethane were studied under different UV aging methods. In addition, the anti-aging effects of various anti-aging agents under the three aging methods were compared, and reasonable anti-aging measures were proposed.Results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethane under all three aging methods decrease by more than 50%. Under intermittent light exposure and intermittent light exposure with water immersion cycling, the tensile strength first increases and then decreases. The change trend of elongation at break is consistent with that of the ether bond absorption peak area, indicating that the reduction in ether bond content leads to a decrease in the overall toughness of the polyurethane. The tensile strength of polyurethane shows high consistency in variation patterns with the splitting tensile strength of the mixture. Based on the attenuation magnitude and rate of polyurethane mixture properties, the method combining intermittent light exposure with water immersion cycling better simulates natural aging. Under continuous light exposure, the UV-531 UV absorber exhibits a more significant anti-aging effect. Under the intermittent light exposure and intermittent light exposure with water immersion cycling methods, the UV-770 hindered amine light stabilizer shows a more significant anti-aging effect.