In order to investigate the impact of acidic red soil on the corrosion behavior of L415 pipeline steel, the Southern Jiangxi Region, known for its acidic red soil, was selected as the sample area. Through the analysis of the physicochemical properties of various soil simulant solutions, combined with electrochemical experiments, the mechanism by which acidic red soil environments affect metal corrosion rates was thoroughly explored. The experimental results demonstrate that the physicochemical characteristics of the soil are closely linked to the corrosion behavior of L415 pipeline steel. Specifically, the pH value, ion concentration, and composition of the soil environment significantly influenced the corrosion rate of the pipeline steel. In more acidic conditions, lower pH values and higher concentrations of Cl^- significantly accelerated the corrosion process, resulting in pitting and localized corrosion on the metal surface, whereas under less acidic conditions with lower Cl^- concentrations, the corrosion rate decreased. Additionally, the electrochemical test results have further unveiled the complex influence of ion composition in acidic red soil solutions on corrosion behavior. Results have not only deepened our understanding of the corrosion behavior of L415 pipeline steel in acidic red soil environments but also provided important theoretical insights for the protection of buried natural gas pipelines in such environments.