Geothermal energy, as a clean and sustainable source, holds significant importance in optimizing China's energy structure and facilitating the achievement of its "dual carbon" goals. The extraction technology of dry hot rocks involves fracturing and transforming high-temperature reservoirs. Hence, dry hot rocks in northern Jiangsu were selected as the research object, and the influences of factors such as temperature, displacement, and geostress difference on the formation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in dry hot rocks were analyzed in detail. Additionally, a targeted experimental model was constructed. The findings reveal that high temperatures diminish the mechanical strength and initiation pressure of dry hot dolomite. The high-displacement pump injection technique proves effective in initiating more cracks and enhancing their extension and balanced expansion, thereby enhancing reservoir transformation and fluid heat transfer efficiency. Under conditions of high stress difference, hydraulic fractures tend to initiate and propagate perpendicular to the minimum horizontal principal stress. Furthermore, temperature, displacement, and significant stress differences all contribute to increasing the fractal dimension of the fracture network post-fracturing. Ultimately, numerical simulations were conducted to validate the experimental results related to temperature and displacement, and it was confirmed that pulse pumping technology could significantly expand the transformed area of the reservoir. Notably, pulse amplitude positively correlates with the enhancement effect of reservoir transformation. These findings are anticipated to offer valuable insights for future designs in hot dry rock fracturing operations.