To explore the influence of bedding quantity on the failure behavior of coal-rock combination under triaxial stress conditions, a series of triaxial mechanical tests are conducted using coal-rock combination specimens (with bedding quantity of 1, 2, and 3) under different confining pressures (4, 9, and 15 MPa). The effect of confining pressure on the stress-strain relations and fracture distributions of coal-rock combination was analyzed with the same bedding quantity, and the effect of bedding quantity on the failure behavior of coal-rock combination was assessed under the same confining pressure. The results show that the failure of coal-rock combination transitions from brittle to ductile and then to brittle as the confining pressure increases, along with higher elastic modulus. In addition, the triaxial compressive strength of coal-rock combination decreases with the increase of bedding quantity, demonstrating evident rock failure at larger bedding quantity. In general, the presence of bedding can alter the fracture development path, whereas higher confining pressure can better lead to fracture development across boundaries. The findings from the triaxial mechanical tests on coal-rock combination can be used to explain the increasing potential of rock bursts during mining operation in deep underground.