In the face of complex high-stress corrosion environments, metal ore deep mining encounters the deterioration of well walls and roadway support structures, severely affecting mine safety and economy. Focusing on the vertical shaft support concrete of the Shaling gold mine. The optimal addition of polypropylene fibers was determined through pre-experiments to prepare high-performance C40 fiber concrete. Six different test conditions were designed (no fiber equivalent to 1× corrosion, fiber without corrosion, in-situ immersion, equivalent to 1×, 3×, 6× corrosion) to explore the influence of different corrosion conditions on key parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, shear strength, static compressive modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Based on digital image correlation(DIC) technology, the crack propagation characteristics of fiber concrete with prefabricated cracks under uniaxial compression were studied, and the development of cracks was analyzed in combination with the spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission. The results show that based on the actual mix ratio of on-site support concrete, the optimal addition of polypropylene fiber is 0.3%. With the increase of corrosion immersion concentration, the elastic modulus, cohesive force, and internal friction angle of the specimens deteriorate significantly, while the Poisson’s ratio gradually increases, and the compressive and tensile strength of the specimens gradually decrease. A principal strain concentration zone is formed around the prefabricated cracks, and as the environmental temperature and corrosion concentration increase, the crack tip effect becomes more pronounced, the defects inside the specimens increase, the number of microcracks formed also significantly increases, and the generation time of microcracks is earlier. As the concentration of corrosive immersion solution increases, the cumulative count of acoustic emissions gradually increases, and the time of decrease in b value appears earlier and multiple times. The study not only helps to improve the corrosion resistance of mine support concrete but also provides reference for the design of indoor tests under corrosive environments.