Currently, there is limited research on the effect of support roller spacing on the indentation rolling resistance in the carrying section of conveyor belts. In-depth exploration in the area can provide crucial theoretical support for energy-saving and consumption reduction in conveyor systems. To investigate the influence of roller spacing and environmental temperature on the indentation rolling resistance of conveyor belts, a comprehensive approach combining theoretical analysis, finite element modeling, simulation analysis, and experimental validation was applied. A fabric core conveyor belt was selected as the research object, and models of the conveyor belt and rollers were constructed in Abaqus software. Simulations were conducted under various conditions, with roller spacing ranging from 800 mm to 1 200 mm and environmental temperatures between -10 ℃ and 30 ℃. The simulation results were obtained. To validate the effect of environmental temperature on indentation rolling resistance, experimental studies were carried out. The analysis revealed the following key conclusions: under conditions with environmental temperatures ranging from -10 ℃ to 30 ℃, when the roller spacing increased from 800 mm to 1 200 mm, the increase in indentation rolling resistance exceeded 1.3%, with an increase of over 5% at 20 ℃. Both the stress and resistance values decreased as the temperature rose, and the trend was consistent across different roller spacing conditions. Additionally, experimental results indicated that under various load conditions, the indentation rolling resistance decreased as the temperature increased. A comparison between the experimental and simulation results show a similar trend, confirming the accuracy of the simulation outcomes.