Pile foundations are widely used in the construction of foundations for high-rise buildings, but traditional square piles are often not economical enough due to the need to resist vertical loads by using large sizes and dense arrangements. In view of this, a new special-shaped pile suitable for high-rise buildings was to enhance the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile by means of expanding the contact area between the pile and the soil. Based on the theory of pile bearing capacity, the influence of the number of concave sides and concave angle of the section parameters on the geometric characteristics of the section of the shaped pile was analyzed. And the finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the influence of different number of concave edges and concave angle on its vertical bearing performance. The results show that the cross-section perimeter of the special-shaped pile increases with the increase of the number of concave edges and the concave angle, which is 1.01 ~ 1.78 times that of the square pile with same cross-section area, and the influence of the concave angle on the cross-section perimeter is the most significant. The maximum moment of inertia of the cross-section of the special-shaped pile shows a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the number of concave sides, and increasing with the increase of the angle of concavity, and when the angle of concavity is the same, the maximum moment of inertia of the cross-section of the special-shaped pile with two concave sides is the largest. Increasing the number of concave sides and concave angle of pile section can effectively improve the lateral friction resistance and ultimate bearing capacity of the pile, and the ultimate bearing capacity is 1.05 ~ 1.92 times of the ultimate bearing capacity of the square pile with same cross-section area. The results of this paper can provide a reference for solving the problems related to special-shaped pile selection and optimal design.