In order to investigate the deformation characteristics and load transfer mechanisms of piled beam-supported embankments, laboratory model tests were conducted using different pile spacings, beam widths, and pile lengths, while the cohesion of the embankment fill was adjusted. Soil pressure and settlement were monitored during the tests. The results show that increasing the pile spacing significantly increases the differential settlement between the pile and soil, as well as the pile-soil stress ratio. The beam width has a smaller effect on differential settlement, but increasing the beam width in cases of larger pile spacing can significantly improve the load-sharing capacity. The differential settlement at the pile tip is greatest at the interface between soft soil and sandy soil. It is concluded that increasing both pile spacing and beam width in practical engineering can save construction costs without reducing bearing capacity. The pile tip should be avoided at the soil interface, and increasing the cohesion of the embankment fill can reduce differential settlement.