Large amounts of crop residues are annually left in cultivated lands as waste with the replacement of biomass energy in China. Traditionally, severe haze is often reported due to the open field burning, which has severely threatened the public's health. Planed burning was proposed as an efficient solution to dispose the crop residues ensuring the air quality within the environment bearing capacity or under certain criteria. The diffusion characteristic of particulate matter driven by meteorology via weather research and forecasting-community multiscale air quality(WRF-CMAQ) simulations were investigated, and thereby expected to provide technical support for prescribed burning. Firstly, the WRF-CMAQ model was employed, and regional air quality simulation were conducted by validation with meteorological and air quality monitoring station data. Subsequently, various crop residue burning scenarios were devised based on different influencing factors, and simulations of air quality under crop residue burning conditions were conducted. Finally, focusing on planned burning, the diffusion patterns of crop residue burning pollutants were investigated. The results indicate that the increase in PM_2.5 concentration is linearly related to the burning rate and decreases exponentially with wind speed, burning duration, and burning distance. When the wind speed exceeds 1.6 m/s, the wind direction determines the direction of pollutant dispersion. Within 20 km of the burning center, the PM_2.5 concentration decreases rapidly, whereas beyond 20 km, the rate of concentration change becomes relatively stable. The research results can provide technical support for planned burning. It involves predesignating burnable areas in cultivated lands located in the far suburbs based on the dispersion characteristics of burning pollutants and developing straw burning plans in conjunction with meteorological forecast information. Such strategies aim to ensure urban air quality while efficiently managing crop residues.