The Zheduo mountain area in western Sichuan Plateau is located in the "Y" -shaped active tectonic fault region of China, and is located in the key position of Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor. In view of the phenomenon of abnormal cold water gusher in a tunnel in this area, in order to find out the mechanism of cold water circulation in structural fractures in this area, high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data was used to interpret and identify, and hydrochemical analysis was carried out. Landsat satellite image analysis, Visual Modflow numerical simulation and other methods were used to discuss the recharge source of structural fracture water in a tunnel and the groundwater circulation model in the region. The results show that the large and small structural fractures in the study area are mostly good water channels. According to the results of water chemistry test, it is inferred that the source of water gusher is the mixture of the mountain groundwater static reserve and the external cold water groundwater. The external cold water source of cold water gusher is formed by the perennial glacial lake in the region together with the melting of snow and ice in the glacial valley. Combined with the above mentioned concept model, the groundwater circulation mechanism of "double-source recharge of ice and water" of atmospheric precipitation and snow and ice meltwater was proposed. The Visual Modflow numerical simulation results show that water gushing was concentrated in the water-conducting fault zone, and the two-dimensional simulation shows the whole runoff process of cold water groundwater from the recharge source to the discharge datum and the schematic diagram of the runoff intensity in each part of the profile, verifying the rationality of the water gushing mechanism of "ice-water double source recharge".