To investigate the aerodynamic load characteristics and influence laws of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) under complex environments and multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) coupled motions, a study was conducted based on a scaled model of a novel 6-megawatt FOWT. A combination of sliding mesh and overlapping grid methods was employed to analyze grid and time step convergence of aerodynamic characteristics, as well as the applicability of turbulence models across various tip speed ratios. Numerical simulation results were compared with wind tunnel test outcomes to establish a high-fidelity numerical simulation technique for predicting FOWT aerodynamic characteristics. Building upon this, further research explored the aerodynamic load characteristics and influence laws of FOWTs under single-DOF motions (pitching and rolling) and coupled two-DOF motions, aiming to elucidate the physical properties of aerodynamic loads on FOWTs in dynamic states. The findings indicated that, under coupled pitching and rolling motions, a reduction in the pitching period alone increased the maximum values of torque and thrust coefficients while decreasing their minimum values, leading to a significant amplification of double amplitudes, with average values remaining relatively unchanged. This research offers technical support for the simulation prediction of aerodynamic load characteristics, the evaluation of FOWT aerodynamic performance, and the enhancement of wind tunnel testing techniques for wind turbine arrays.