The stepped frequency ground penetrating radar has the advantages of high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and high average power. Radio frequency system on chip(RFSOC) based stepped frequency ground penetrating radar transceiver system design was designed and implemented. The system mainly includes modules such as the transmission link, reception link, clock unit, field programmable gate array (FPGA) control system, and data transmission unit. By setting multiple numerically controlled oscillator(NCO) for synchronization between the transmission and reception ends, the carrier was synchronized on the same frequency and phase, ensuring the phase coherence of radar transmission and reception signals. A receiving time window was also designed in the data transmission unit. The experimental test results show that the system can achieve the transmission and reception of step frequency signals with a frequency range of 200 MHz ~ 2 GHz and a step size of 2 MHz, and can effectively detect multiple scene targets such as free space, sand pits, and asphalt pavements.