The clogging effect is a prevalent phenomenon in the vacuum preloading treatment of dredged slurry. Both the depth-wise attenuation of the clogging effect and the radial variation of soil permeability within the clogging zone were considered. On this basis, an analytical solution for the vacuum preloading consolidation of dredged slurry was developed based on Hansbo's consolidation theory. Comparisons with other solutions were conducted to verify the reliability of the proposed solution. The influence of the clogging effect and the properties of dredged slurry on vacuum preloading consolidation was studied through parametric analysis. The findings reveal that the consolidation rate of vacuum preloading of dredged slurry is significantly influenced by clogging effect. As the maximum radius of the clogging zone, the attenuation coefficient of the clogging zone, and the clogging coefficient increase, the consolidation rate gradually decreases. An increase in permeability coefficient of dredged slurry in non-clogging zone markedly enhances the consolidation rate, while an increase in the volume compression coefficient produces the opposite effect. A smaller influence radius of PVD leads to a faster consolidation rate. However, beyond a certain threshold, further reductions in the spacing of PVDs have limited impact on improving the consolidation rate.