In order to continuously promote the national "dual carbon" goal and optimize the life and economy of energy storage batteries, a battery life model considering temperature and cycle times was established. Combined with open circuit voltage testing, hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) experiments, charge discharge cycle experiments, and calendar aging experiments, the life characteristics and economy optimization strategies of energy storage batteries were studied. The results show that a dual-layer optimization configuration model, which adopts the full life cycle economic equivalence as the upper optimization objective and the system's daily interval optimal operation strategy as the lower optimization objective, can effectively enhance the economic efficiency of the energy storage system. In a case study of a wind-storage microgrid in a pastoral area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the optimized wind turbine installed power was adjusted from 60 kW to 30 kW, and the energy storage battery capacity was optimized to 1 103 kW·h, resulting in a reduction of the total operating cost of the energy storage system by CNY 5.02 × 10⁵. The influence of temperature and cycle times on the system operating cost was also revealed. It is concluded that this optimization method can improve the economic efficiency and scalability of the energy storage system while ensuring its stable operation, providing theoretical support for the engineering application of energy storage technology.