With the global port industry advancing toward Industry 4.0, the automation and intelligent transformation of container terminal cranes has emerged as a critical focus for industry development. The characteristics of container terminal crane types systematically was examined and an in-depth analysis from four dimensions: mechanical structure systems, power supply systems, electrical control and communication systems, and safety and operation management systems was conducted. The findings indicate that single-trolley quay cranes and rail-mounted gantry cranes with cantilevers demonstrate significant advantages in automation transformation. Mechanical structure optimization has substantially enhanced operational efficiency for large vessels and improved safety under extreme weather conditions. Power system transformation, centered on diesel-to-electric conversion, battery technology, and energy feedback systems, has effectively promoted sustainable operation. Innovations in electrical control and communication systems have achieved precise control and efficient data transmission. The positioning system ensures comprehensive equipment monitoring through multiple subsystem coordination. Furthermore, the safety management system has been developed to incorporate infrastructure modernization, intelligent protection, risk management, and emergency response mechanisms. These transformation measures have significantly improved terminal operational efficiency, reduced carbon emissions, and driven ports toward intelligent and sustainable development.