The wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the near-field area of nuclear power plants situated in mountainous hilly coastal regions. Based on the Nemoto criterion as the criterion of dynamic similarity, the complex topography around the site and the buildings in the plant area were simulated in a scale of 1∶800. The flow measurement experiment was carried out by using the two-dimensional hot-wire probe of the hot-wire anemometer, and the tracer experiment was carried out by using the 60-channel synchronous automatic tracer measurement system. The collected near-field flow field information and concentration field information of the nuclear power plant were sorted out and analyzed. The results show that the wind direction, mountains and buildings will act on the regional flow field together, which makes the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow field change significantly. The height of the building wake region is 2.1 ~ 2.7 times that of the upstream mountain height, and the length is 11 ~ 30 times the mountain height. The increase in emission height reduces the maximum ground-level dispersion factor on the ground by 29.1 to 62.5 times, and extends the downwind distance by 480 to 1 000 m.